1,2,3,5 UPDATED 1a) A nucleated settlement is where the buildings are closed around a central point e.g market square. 1b) i)surplus resources ii)industrialization and commercialization ii)development of transport and communities iv)Economic pull of the city 1c) I)low cost (ii)larger capacity iii)safety iv)useful for bulky goods (V)flexible service =========== 2a) 1)Larger Capacity: It can carry much larger quantities of heavy and bulky goods such as coal, and, timber etc. 2)Flexible Service: It provides much more flexible service than railways and can be adjusted to individual requirements. 3)Safety: The risks of accidents and breakdowns, in this form of transport, are minimum as compared to any other form of transport. 4)Flexible Service: It provides much more flexible service than railways and can be adjusted to individual requirements. 5)Less Maintenance Cost: Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but maintenance cost of water transport is quite less. OR 2a) Useful for Bulky Goods:- Heavy and bulky goods can be transported easily at little cost through water transport. ii) Less Maintenance Cost:- Maintenance cost in rail and road transport is quite high but maintenance cost of water transport is quite less. iii)Useful During Natural Calamities:- During natural calamities like flood and rains, when rail and road transport is disrupted, relief operations can be operated through water transport. iv)Helpful in Defence:- Development of shipping is essential for the defence of the country also. It is also called second line of defence. v)Important for Foreign Trade:- Water transport plays important role in foreign trade. India’s foreign trade is mainly dependent on water transport. ============ 3a) Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production, and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines. 3b) i)Primary means mostly agriculture,forestry, fishery and mining. While Secondary means manufacturing. ii)in primary The productivity is low, because it depends on mother nature, and the demand is inelastic. While in secondary Productivity is higher than the primary, the demand is elastic. 3c) i)Increase in national income:-Industrialization makes possible the optimum utilization of the scarce resources of the country. It helps in increasing the quantity and quality of various kinds of manufactured goods and thereby make a larger contribution to gross national product. (GNP). ii)Higher standard of living:-Industrialization helps in increasing the value of output per worker. The income of the labour due to higher productivity increases. The rise in incomeraises the living standard of the people. iii)Economic stability:-Industrialization is the best way of providing economic stability to the country. A nation which depends upon the production and export of raw material alone cannot achieve a rapid rate of economic growth. iv)Improvement in balance of payments:-Industrialization brings structural changes in the pattern of foreign trade of the country. It helps in increasing the export of manufactured goods and thus earn foreign exchange. ============ SECTION B 5a) i)Employment Opportunities:- Unemployment and disguised unemployment are serious problem of nepalese economy.In foreign countries many people have employment oppurtunities from the mineral resources.Thus by extraction of mineral is a good source of employment opportunities. Industrial development:Many mineral resources like kerosene,petrol,diesel etc are the basic minerals necessary to run the industries.Many machinery equipments are made from minerals.Many industries are established in nepal also which helps in earning and gives employment to many unemployment people. ii)Agriculture development: -Minerals are also used in manufacture of agriculture tools and implements such as machines and irregation equipment for iii) agriculture development. – Minerals are useful for the development if agriculture sector. iv)Development of transport and elecricity:- Mineral resources are also help to develop transportation facilities.Different means of transport like railway,aeroplane and vechicles run from the source of energy which comes from minerals. 5b)iMagnetic separation machine ii)vertical grinding mills iii)Milling machine iv)jaw crusher v)mobile impact crusher 5c) i) underground mining ii) surface mining Created at 2017-02-11 20:22:24